I think pre-CDS the Caldari were likely still only an industrial-era culture with little in the way of advanced tech, so I doubt they were doing much offworld at that point (think 1800s Western Europe/US).
Oh, I agree. But, I also riff from this:
AD 22588 - The Gallente and the Caldari build their first stargate out of VH-451, sparking a period of expansion which mostly benefits the Gallente.
AD 22631 - The Cultural Deliverance Society arrives on Caldari Prime.
So, there were
some Caldari involved in the stargate reconstruction project, if only a token effort in the 'interests of planetary brotherhood' (or however it would have been phrased). I've always assumed their work there may have been fascinating to folks back on Caldari Prime and the sociocultural/economic tipping point toward the Caldari wanting to develop a space program of their own.
Prior to then, space may primarily (or solely) have been the preoccupation of Caldari academics, hobbyists, dreamers, and -- post-Gallente contact -- the military.
Was the Caldari push to get into space abetted by some Gallente interests (even inadvertently: presumably the Caldari who were on the stargate project were some of Caldari Prime's best and brightest)? Discouraged by others? Sabotaged? Did it operate clandestinely because of fear of Gallente sabotage? Or did it operate openly, in defiance of Gallente criticism? Or openly, with full Gallente support?
I've made a lot of personal hay out of "how far along did the Caldari get before the Cultural Deliverance Society arrived? The U.S. got to the moon in ten years driven by competition with someone who had fewer material resources but rich intellectual capital. How far could the Caldari have gotten in forty-three while cribbing from someone who was capable of interplanetary travel and stargate construction?"
(Speaking of that, I've never been sure if CDS was a giant "U R DOIN IT WRONG SO JUST DON'T" or the effort of Gallente interests who genuinely wanted to help. It could have also been both.)
My personal thoughts on the differences between Caldari and Gallente colonization was that Gallente Prime was more habitable and therefore a more moderate terraforming project was put in place, and the initial colonists were able to move to the planet without too much in the way of extra preparation. On Caldari Prime, which was much more hostile, instead of simply terraforming the planet to make it more habitable, the initial colonists were also gene-modded (parahumans, in Transhuman Space parlance) to adapt better to Caldari Prime; the Civire and Deteis were actually competing lines of genemods which were developed for the colonists there (and perhaps the Men of the West were another). This allowed them to survive much easier than a "normal" human would have been able to. I would probably also guess that the vast majority of Caldari food plants and livestock are transgenic organisms of one type or another, imported to the planet with the ability to survive the harsh environment and provide the population with nutrients and resources that might not be provided by the local (very limited) ecosystem. The parahuman genemods of Caldari probably also gave them the ability to digest native amino acids and avoid severe allergic reactions to the native "wildlife" (which was, at least in my mind, limited to small oceanic life).
*facepalms* Thanks for this. I've been relying on the idea of post-Collapse microevolution between Gallente and Caldari for way too long without considering that there might have been Terran-colonization era genemods to the original stock.