Possibly something like Johannesburg/Pretoria or Amsterdam/The Hague going on? As in, the capital of South Africa is Johannesburg and the capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, but the governments of those countries meet in Pretoria and the Hague, respectively.
Also, if someone wants an uneasy real-world parallel on Caldari Prime, there is the
Karelian question. The number sited on the article are national level - we had a panel about the Karelian question at my current home town (located in the Finnish part of Karelia) and at least based on the brochure (I was not present) 4/5 of the panelists seemed to want to get the damn strip of land back. Admitted, Caldari Prime holds probably even greater importance to the Caldari than Karelia to Finns of non-Karelian origin. Discussion about Karelia is made more complicated, because Russians use the word "Karelia" to refer to the Republic of Karelia, whereas Finns use "Karelia" to refer to the historic province of Karelia (or, in this case, the ceded part of it).
Though, talking about cultural heritage, I present you
this picture about the locations where the texts for the
Kalevala were collected. Finnish placenames are used, even for places where the populace probably never used them. Finnish Wikipedia editors allegedly have a knack for romantic nationalism. (Well, the town of Uhtua is currently officially known as Kalevala even in Russian.)