Same-sex couple fertility options are already available at even our comparatively limited technology level IRL. If I'd venture a guess, it is that homophobia is one of the prototypical attitudes of an authoritarian (fascist/despotic) regime, so it fits in with the rest of the trope-riddled portrayals of the major powers that has taken shape over the years.
Yes, that should come off sounding as bitter as it did :9.
Would you qualify that statement?
In general, I can see intolerance towards male homosexuality in the Caldari State because it is, physically speaking, not practical/known to us how men can birth children. Our current understanding postulates with some certainty that female homosexuals can genetically reproduce with technological aid. The Caldari to my understanding have a great importance on having children, not in adopting or accepting vagabonds/unwanted.
This would mean male homosexuality in particular would be seen as vastly undesirable as it is a reproductive dead end. You're not doing your duty to the Caldari people, essentially.