I see the diverse spread of this symbol as subtle evidence of Jovian meddling in each of these societies.
Brings up another question: what is the enemy of the bull? Did Marduk have some kind of antagonist-god?
Enheduanna was a priestess of Inanna, whose sign was an eight-pointed star.
edit: Aaaaaaaaaand how many points would this have, if the circle were complete?
Enki represents the first Jovian empire, his symbol the goat is seen in the Angel Cartel Logo. He held the Mes, obtained from Enlil who seems to represent the Yan Jung who fell during the time of the first empire.
Marduk succeeded Enki, inheriting his sphere and the Mes. His symbol can be seen in that of the Jovian Directorate.
Inanna stole the Mes from Enki, this can be seen in w-space where the Sleepers are harvesting the technologies of the Talocan. This is reinforced by the star motif, the tradition of which is continued by the SCT.
The Sleepers are a faction of the early second Jovian empire focused on obtaining the 'untainted' Jovian DNA from the first empire. Their link to Inanna clearly connects them to Enheduanna. There is some confusion here as the Enheduanni show attributes more akin to the goddess than her representative.
She stirs confusion and chaos against those who are disobedient to her, speeding carnage and inciting the devastating flood, clothed in terrifying radiance. It is her game to speed conflict and battle, untiring, strapping on her sandals.
Interestingly the Mes themselves were to be given to the cities as can be seen in Avetat and Ametat and possibly by the Achura later obtaining the "rod of creation" and it is likely other factions saw interferrence also. Connections blur again here with the first Jovian empire being the only known faction active at the time of the Sefrims arrival yet the empire also obtaining the symbol of Inanna as seen in the Khumaak. This supports the idea of the Enheduanni splitting from the Jove.
After the split the Minmatar became favourites of the Enheduanni, this can be clearly seen in Theodicy, particularly in the naming of the world "Eanna" after Inannas primary temple. This transfer of favor is further reinforced with the passing of the eight pointed star as a symbol of the Amarr to a symbol of the Matari. This didn't work out so well and the Jove aided the Minmatar in finding their own path once more.
The symbols of faith represent a prophesy for the Amarr, much like the prophesy that foretold the rise of a queen who would re-launch the reclaiming this was likely planted quite some time ago.
On a side-note Marduk was followed by Nabu who may tie in with Macapers "what was many now becomes one when one becomes four" and hint at the future rise of a fourth Jovian Empire.
I could go on but I'm in danger of veering off topic with every sentence.