I would assume that every corporation has their internal affairs units. Probably stuff that considers non-domestic affairs gets shared by these sources in a CEP controlled committee?
Pretty much this. A decentralized intelligence agency not only fits Caldari style better, but it also explains why the Caldari system completely failed at stopping the FIO from infiltrating. The Caldari system is weaker because it's decentralized, allowing a more powerful and better funded central agency of the FIO to be far more effective.
Agreed. Competition doesn't always breed strength. In intelligence work, it's more often a fatal flaw.
Caldari political system is decentralized, but there is a united military power for the whole State - the Navy. I believe that Caldari, being a militarized culture, should deploy extensive intelligence operations from the Navy, since fighting without intelligence is akin to fighting in trenches with closed eyes. That we don't have obvious "intelligence service" in Caldari means, that it is in fact, should be rather quite secret service.
The closest thing to Caldari intelligence service I see as russian SpecOps, which were disguised as paratroopers, they wore same uniform, same insignia, and their division held name of paratrooper division, but their tasks and training was in completely different field.
The main evidence for existence of Caldari centralized intelligence from my opinion is the fact, that approach with deploying "super-secretive" outposts and surveillance drones, forming "tripwire" system, was used not just by the Federation, but by the State as well.
As for stopping FIO agents, this should be work of counter-intelligence, and obviously the State lacks centralized counter-intelligence, distributing control of their employees to respective corporations. Before recent coup in the State there was one organization that could centralize this work - CPD, but conditions of how it was formed and contingent of staff allowed them to look for only obvious "disloyalties", rather than professional intelligence agents from other nations. With dissolving of CPD the State loses its only centralized counter-intelligence agency, and this task returns back to megacorporations and their police forces, like, mentioned by
orange CPF.
Another thing, that comes to my mind, is that I think, that Caldari secret service should be really very secret, and deployed staff should maintain these secrets with their life. Simple mentioning of participating in covert operation or being a member of secret division must be a reason for immediate physical termination of the said agent. Their loyalties to the State and the Navy itself (instead of any single megacorporation) should be undeniable, and they should be ready to destroy themselves in slight threat of disclosure. From my opinion such approach would give the State at the same time products of quality intelligence service and total absence of existence of such service at the same time.