Could we seperate the L4 discussion from the industry discussion?
1. Industry in nullsec is shit, to the point where it is impossible for an alliance living in nullsec to come anywhere near supporting itself in its own space. The bad refineries, limited factory slots, and lack of benefits to nullsec over highsec means most alliances don't do industry in their own space, they do it in highsec.
With the current situation, it just seems to me it's next to impossible to set up an industrial operation that both covers the equipment needs of your average group of kill-happy pilots, and utilizes only local resources. So you're going to be jumping back and forth to a trade hub anyway. I suspect that nerfing hi-sec industry will just result in increased costs across the board, pushed down to the consumer; even if that leads to a migration of industrial activity to nullsec, it's not 100% clear to me why it should be there to begin with.
I disagree with the assertion that it is impossible to do so. One of the "poorest" null-sec regions (Providence) has most of the materials needed to create any T2 module or ship (Alchemy allows for a lot). Deklein (and the north in general) suffers from a Mercury shortage*, but has everything else needed.
Bad refineries and limited factory slots are in my opinion a redherring. While it is expensive, a high-end Minmatar Outpost provides solid refining (50% base). Limited factory slots can be overcome through a combination of Starbase Factories and the increased speed of the Amarr Outpost (70%). In addition, a smart outpost operator can make the costs of using their facilities low compared to high-sec or regional competitors (Providence). This takes a little bit of effort and then making sure your target users know it is better than High-Sec.
Mineral compression, via items like the 425mm Railgun I, destroys null-sec mining, causing a less than 1% rise in the costs of importing minerals (via someone like Black Frog). If mineral compression was not efficient, then humble Scordite becomes more valuable than the ABCs and the only better ore is Mercoxit. The straight import of a finished good (like a battleship) using a similar service adds 5-10% easy.
I think the greatest hurdle to null-sec (& low-sec) industry is risk. A null-sec mining operation is vulnerable to attack and is reliant on player-security for backup.
I think that the fact that mining is a fairly boring activity and watching people mine is even more boring, contributes more to the lack of local bottom-up economics than a lack of resources to pursue it.
I do not think any set of solutions yet offered actually addresses this fundamental problem with creating mostly self-sufficient null-sec fiefdoms.
*A rebalancing of moons or creating alchemy that enables substitution of materials could help mitigate this issue.
1. Totally redo nullsec industry and soverignty so that it is a descriptive, instead of prescriptive system, making sure there is enough content in the form of industry and work for every member of an alliance to contribute. Living in a system for an alliance should require a lot of people working together, completing tasks to get resources and wealth. Wormhole space already does this very effectively, albeit in a limited fashion.
To me this bundles up a lot of desires into one. I think there is a need to divorce a revamp of the industry processes from the distrubtion of resources and the ease with which those resources are moved. Players in wormhole space have to be largely self-sufficient because their connection to high-sec markets is less secure and more fluid than null-sec.
I think there is room for fundamental improvements to industry, potentially including a total revamp. The immediate thought to me is to include Tier 2,3, & 4 PI products (especially those not used for POS fuels) in ships, modules, drones, and rigs. I like the components that exist in T2 and think that concept can form a basis for redesigning the whole system (Ore/Goo/T0 PI>Minerals/Material/T1 PI>Components/T2/3/4 PI>Ships/Mods/Rigs/Starbases/etc).
I think the profession of mining needs to be looked at as it is the most passive of the active activities. Introducing vulnerable passive asteroid miners could be an option (anchorable w/ always attackable drones). This might also be part of a wider starbase redesign (which I now have bouncing around my skull). I think null-sec industry's greatest hurdle is sourcing of minerals.