Yeah, the Republic is often compared to modern day India, which I feel is a pretty apt comparison, though obviously not precise. The Republic struck me as the sort of place where you have a high tech modern shopping mall across the street from someone bartering goats for cabbages, and lots of overlapping systems of governments, corporations, clans, and tribes all mashed together in this chaotic barely governable amalgamation. For one, what it means to be part of a clan or tribe probably varies clan to clan, or even person to person. Then you have all the leftover Gallentean programs, education services, Republic University, a hamfisted replication of the Gallentean social safety net, but with no funding.
I think what it really comes down to is that those powerful, prominent clans in the republic government, basically decide on the course of things for the rest of the nation at this point, and if you as an individual want to have a say, you have to hope your clan's elder will agree, and that when they go to bring your issue to the sub-tribal council that they will listen to it, and so on up the chain. Its fairly likely that a lot of issues get solved before they need to go up the chain too far, but because the minmatar government is still formally top-down instead of bottom-up, a lot of issues probably get lost in translation.