I think you may be look at things with rose-colored glasses there a bit, Hamish. I don't really remember the Broker being a part of the BoF arc at all, and I didn't have much of a problem with the BoF arc myself. Yes, the stuff leading up to TEA with misery factories and other ridiculous shit was stupid, but that doesn't mean that everything was hunky-dory in the State prior to that. I have little doubt that the megacorporations did a lot of shit that many of us would think was a little beyond the pale, but like you I do not think that they systematically mistreat their employees as a matter of course.
I tend to agree with Aria that while the ideal of the Caldari State was always that of a meritocracy, it would be hard to completely drain an element of nepotism or inheritance from society. If nothing else, simply the fact that you know the right people is a large part of business everywhere, and one of the big reasons a business degree from somewhere like Harvard is more valuable than a degree from my alma mater, even if the level of education is the same -- it's all about who you know. While this may be muted somewhat in Caldari society, assuming that the Caldari do not have a 100% estate tax, it's also likely that wealth will remain somewhat concentrated.
This is not to say that social mobility is nil in the State; I'm sure that it's possible for someone to rise from near the bottom to near the top, especially in the right corporation. I believe both Mens Reppola and his competitor for the Ishukone CEO position were portrayed as originally being rather low level when they started, for instance. But in other corporations, I can definitely see that being extremely unlikely -- Hyasyoda and Wiyrkomi, for instance.
I have always seen the Caldari as being extremely heavily cyberpunk influenced; it's important to note, as I did in the Caldari Dialogues, that this doesn't mean that life sucks for 90% of the population. It does mean that corporate bigwigs have a great deal of power, however, and are going to be loathe to get rid of that. Even the most considerate CEO is still going to want to remain CEO as long as possible; it is only when his position is untenable that he is going to admit defeat and either resign or...take a more permanent route.
I do not see any conflict between a corporation wanting to take care of its employees while at the same time treating them as any other asset. Often, one of the biggest expenses for a business is hiring and training employees -- to toss them away like used tissue paper is foolish. On the other hand, to spend more than you have to to keep them happy and healthy is also foolish. The worst part of TEA was the stupidity of the corporations -- mistreat your employees horribly AND skimp on security? Sure, that's a GREAT idea! How could that go wrong! Go in guns blazing while evidently everything is being broadcast on live TV? Can't see how that could be a public relations nightmare, nosiree. That was the most frustrating part.
In large part, the Caldari State always operated on a sort of consensual pipe dream; that the leaders of the State were the best qualified because they had proved themselves, that everyone was working for the same ends, that it was possible to go from the bottom to the top simply through hard work. As long as times are good, the leaders of the State actually do well (and most of the time they do, because an underperforming CEO will be devoured by the members of the elite angling for his or her position), and the right amount of bread and circuses keep everyone else happy, everything is cool. It's only when things start to fall apart that that mutual delusion starts to break down.