That depends how the Liberals define 'fair treatment'. There may also be a dichotomy between how the Caldari leadership and how the Caldari people see things. The Caldari leadership can be broken down into three blocs, but I'm not sure the Caldari people can be too. I don't remember where it was, but there was a reference the three blocs regard foreign trade policy, not necessarily domestic policy.
If so, then those living under Ishukone might as well move en masse to the Federation, if they really want to embrace liberalism in the holistic sense. But we know that's not true. It just seems contradictory that the Caldari are a united people that embrace authoritarian legalism, militarism, collectivism, and unquestioning loyalty, yet Ishukone Caldari are the complete opposite of that (freedom of speech does no favours to unquestioning loyalty after all). Maybe it's supposed to be paradoxical, but eh, I was sort of enjoying the contrasts more than the similarities between the Fed and Caldari.
Thing is, Fed liberty-liberalism is portrayed as having problems with divisiveness and disunity. If Ishukone embrace liberty-liberalism too, yet have no problems with divisiveness and disunity, then I'd wonder if the Caldari were wired differently to normal humans. Classical liberalism is about putting the individual first. But the Caldari don't do this.
EDIT: Oh, I'd also add that the Fed govt has also historically been into "fair treatment for all" and "generally cooperative relations with foreign powers". This doesn't make them the good guys, nor does it make Ishukone the good guys either. Both are doing it for their own benefit, and realize it's a pretty cloak to go in with.