The awesome
infodump regarding the Caldari financial system was fantastic in detailing that side of EVE economics, but I get the impression that people see the Caldari as holding a monopoly on megacorporations and that culture. Likely because Caldari megacorporations have straight-up, generalized names, whereas Gallente megacorporations have specialized names, even if their scope is equal. There is some areas to be exploded in Minmatar/Amarr, but I get the feeling that CCP's fictional focus on those two is less about business and economy.
Anyway, Gallentean megacorporations I feel have a different sort of objective/doctrine than Caldari ones. Since the State IS its megacorporations, Caldari firms have an interest in the overall welfare of the nation itself, politics and military and so on. Gallentean megacorporations, on the other hand, have their own agenda. CreoDron, recently, has been the/a leader in wormhole exploration. A high-tech robotics company seeking to acquire the latest and greatest technology while avoiding the eyes of the Federation government, and similar regulation. In fact, from Lost Stars, we see how Quafe tries to dodge the Federation's habit of moral accountability and ethical outrage. They are their own entity within a much larger picture, whereas in the State, these megas ARE the larger picture.
Bleh, sleepy for some reason, I keep deleting this post and trying again to detail my thoughts.
We know that the Gallenteans have PMCs too, such as those operated by Roden Shipyards, CreoDron and Temko. Again, their jobs might be different. They're not in it to hold onto political, sovereign territory like the Caldari megas, but purely to protect the physical assets of these megas and project their interests. The whole interplay is everyone seeking their own objectives; the democratically-elected legislature, the entrenched lobbyists, the varying cultures and memegroups (which again branches off massively and may connect to others), the President, the megacorporations, military cabals/factions (possibly), all against and within each other. Political groups v economic groups v social groups v military groups. This contrasts with the State, where the interplay is between megacorporations and not much else.
You do have scope for megacorporate RP with the Gallente, but even I would pick something like "Hyasyoda Corporation" over "Quafe Company", even if the former is larger and more ominous than the latter. Purely by name, and not details, the Caldari megas straight-up sound cooler.
Briefly exploring Minmatar/Amarr economics, it doesn't seem to be a "focal point" of their culture. Both the Gallente and Caldari put stock into the accumulation of wealth as one facet of their culture, whereas the Minmatar and Amarr do not care so much, instead their culture is based around their traditions. Instead, I was thinking that the rate of self-employment in the Amarr Empire and Minmatar Republic is much, MUCH higher than it is in the Federation and State, as people tend to not be subjects of megacorporations. In the State, citizens are overtly controlled and are property of megacorporations, and in the Federation, they are subtly influenced and indirectly controlled with the pretenses of "freedom of choice". Perhaps in the Empire/Republic, a city will instead have a lot of local businesses and shopkeepers, instead of ominous megacorporations dominating everyone's FOV (ie. Quafe, FedMart, ED etc.).
That said, these stall merchants in Dam-Torsad sell "the latest in faked Caille leather"; with the market for Gallentean goods created through their media industry, and the Caldari forcing their market in through capitalistic aggression, I'm sure you'll see ominious corporations controlling the more larger cities in Republic/Empire.
Interesting to note that the largest arms manufacturer in EVE is Imperial Armaments, who have stations everywhere. I'll be curious to know what exactly they make, and likely pump out countless, cheap-but-reliable arms to their local customers with their technology and culture in mind, ie. Just because it's an Amarr corp with Amarr stations, doesn't mean all they make is Amarr ships and weapons.