I do wonder how much is actually left of that heritage the Caldari fight for.
First of all it got pretty much glassed 150 years ago by orbital bombardment, causing some major damage. It was repopulated by Gallente citizens in the years to follow. I imagine a good deal of what made the homeworld Caldari is long gone, replaced by Gallente culture. After the destruction of Nouvelle Rouvenor and ramming a carrier down on Luminaire I don't think culture preservation was too high on the list for the Federation or it's citizen. It was after all time where orbital bombardment of Caldari Prime was deemed as the suitable course of action as well as the exile of the anti-war Intaki that would later become the Intaki Syndicate.
I find it a bit funny that your 404th post is a little in error.
The orbital bombardment was not deemed a "suitable course of action" as such by the Fed at large, but by a government that was at the time nearly universally despised, and that one-day "warning bombardment"
got nearly every high-ranking member condemned, among other things, for "attempted genocide".
Anyhow, after the war left the planet and spread into space and the evacuation of the world was done, your right that most of the original culture was likely lost. While there still was plenty of Caldari around to keep up traditions there were in time far more non-Caldari on the world, and their various cultures likely influenced the remaining Caldari, save for perhaps a few die-hard traditionalists that kept things going just like in the old days. How vibrant this was when the Cadlari annexed the world is up for debate, I don't think there is any PF piece or anything detailing that, so we don't honestly know.
On the other hand there are reputedly many other worlds in the Fed that have a majority or only Caldari nations on them, I imagine these keep their traditions going strong. Ofc, the State-born Caldari likely write anything these people have to say off as worthless. I find that a little ironic, considering that the whole State can be described as a Federation-born bastard-child of Gallentean ideas and means and Caldari ethics and methods. After all, the whole concept of a corporation was provided to the Caldari by the Gallente and many of the cornerstones on the State's ideals are influenced by this. One can argue that the entire Caldari Culture such as it was before the Gallente arrived has been lost a long time ago.