Generally, there are 2 scales I look at.
One, is it possible to easily communicate the sentiment without "name-dropping". For instance - instead of saying "Well, in response to your idea, I invoke Occam's Razor", it might also be quite possible to say "Well, I've read your idea, but there's this principle that the simplest answer is often the best..." It's barely a few words longer, but no namedrop needed - so, I prefer the latter solution. I won't go apeshit on someone for using the former, but I do prefer the latter. Of course, as has been noted here, in some cases you simply can't easily explain things without namedropping - so in those cases, please go ahead.
The second scale is whether it feels as though the name is being dropped to "win" an argument. The classic example I've seen is people namedropping RL political figures or movements to "give examples" of how a given idea is "right" or "wrong". This probably bleeds over into an entirely separate issue, but it's one of the major ways I judge these things.
Edit: Regarding parody references, sometimes they're legitimately funny. I find myself giving a pass on them in those cases. Sometimes, though, it feels more like a case of "hey, if we swap X for Y in Z name, it'll be funny, right?"