I always saw Gallente as some sort of Babylonian modern culture. Code of Laws, power of the people and certain "cultural domination" characteristics all relate to it.
However in the way the Gallente are painted, they protray more "romantic" attributes mixed with the concept of Knights and Kings of Middle Age Europe.
Maybe you're forgetting about the Crusades.
The Knights and Kings of Middle Age Europe were all over the idea of Cultural Domination, or fighting against what they perceived as same.
I've always kicked the idea around that "Old Modern" Gallente culture (that is early spaceflight/pre-interstellar communications) was the result of a history like this:
* The settlers from Tau Ceti had already established a number of small settlements in favorable locations before the EVE-Gate went kaboom.
* Post-kaboom, some of these settlements perished when their occupants couldn't adapt to dealing with life without modern amenities. Others merged -- it may have been possible that there was a Babel analogue at one point before disagreements or a natural disaster caused that 'megasettlement' to disintegrate and the inhabitants to disperse.
* Over time, city-states emerged (think post-Roman Empire Continental Europe). They were initially wholly self-sufficient, but eventually they began to trade with one another for goods they couldn't source locally.
* Some nitwit ... er, Rouvenor, the likely unfriendly neighborhood Gallentean Charlemagne equivalent ... decided with the support of some of the more powerful city-states that it'd be a great idea to create a Holy Roman Empire. Er, Empire called Garoun. People who argued "did you learn
nothing from our Babel analogue?" got sacked and pillaged or saw that their neighbors got sacked and pillaged
1 and STFUed.
* Centuries down the road, some of the nobility within the Empire decided they were better off without a freaking Emperor. They realized that they were screwed if they tried to take on the Emperor and his favored nobles just with their own house guards (assuming the right to have large standing armies had been restricted post-Empire to those nobles who were willing to sack and pillage other ones for the Emperor), so they decided to do something novel: they incited the common people to revolt right along with them.
2* Once the dust and falling heads settled, things didn't go back to normal. The rebel nobles were faced with dealing with a common people who'd realized their own power and wanted a seat at the ruling table. Thus, democracy -- more or less -- began for the Gallente.
1 Bruno, one of these days, you should ICly ask Zag about his family history.
2 And I recommend you never talk to Celeste ICly about her family history.