I was discussing with another member of the RP community in private a couple days ago, the general problem with EVE PF is how vague it is, and we're either forced to do either one of two things...
1) Extrapolate and deduce from what we have
2) Use a RL point of reference.
Let's take faction navies. All four are very different in their doctrine and function. However, as far as gameplay mechanics are concerned, they all operate the same. They appear all over the world, in missions, in deadspace, doing the exact same things. So how do we differentiate? I personally would extrapolate. The Federation Navy, though not the largest, could be argued to be the most widespread of all four navies. They've got Guristas to fight in the north ("The one thing Gallente and Caldari can agree on"), they've got Serpentis and nullsec interests to the west, helping the Republic and fighting the Cartel to the west, and leading the Sansha occupation (is CONCORD an extension of Gallente influence?) in the south. Now, according to missions, the faction navies are everywhere, but this would all be fluff. FedNav is an "influence-projecting tool" versus the "rapid reaction force" of the Caldari Navy.
Or, alternatively, use RL points of references to make it easier. It's not a case of "This bit in EVE = this in RL" but just some loose foundations. For example, the Federation military is similar to the American military; ethnically mixed, a power-projection force and, though it tries to be cutting-edge, often competes with a civilian government for funding and battling red tape. The Amarr military is similar to the Russian military. Massive, world's largest arms manufacturers, but significantly outdated across many areas. Another similarity to the Russian military is the extensive experience with counter-insurgency operations (see, Riot Interdiction Teams in-game item). The Caldari military is similar to Israel and small "powerhouse" East Asian states such as S.Korea, Japan and Singapore, with conscription and an idea of "total defence" (however, they entail being a rapid reaction force too). The Minmatar military is similar to post-Soviet bloc militaries of Eastern Europe; not as well-equipped as larger powers, but unrivalled in the knowledge of their home territory, and fully capable in using the tools they are given to fight off invaders.
Is this a bad thing, using this RL point of reference? Outside of that extrapolation/comparison, the EVE militaries are sometimes (sometimes) portrayed as very American; gung-ho with shouts of "Sarge!" and other genericisms (I would argue Gallenteans are the gung-ho types with nude women on their shoulder pads, while the Minmatar are the most susceptible to heinous acts; anyone telling them to treat Amarr POWs well? Nope...).
But it's not just military stuff. Stuff like the Amarr, in terms of everyday attitudes, I see as very Middle Eastern, especially through system names (though the religious institute has Western Christian influences of course). Women covering up flesh, clothing, perhaps defined gender roles (please don't murder me okay lol), and so forth. A few (a lot) of us play the Amarrians are Roman Imperials or Medieval Europeans, for example, which I personally don't see the connection, but that's an example of using a RL point of reference. (if pre-industrial Gallente potentially had Greco-Roman and Medieval European influences, than would it be possible for the Amarrians to have the same thing, given the stark differences in culture? I would argue no, and that Persia is a better influence point).
I'm sure some of you are twitching now at the "this is that" present in this post, but I'm presenting the idea that, in lack of knowing any better, using a RL point of reference is the only thing to go on. Yes, Amarr is Amarr, Caldari is Caldari, but there are so many aspects of the EVE universe that is unexplored, there is no other option. What do you think?
Also, half-asleep when writing this. Apologies for weak writing or bad tone.