what's to stop Russia or Iran from demanding custody of journalists who publish information damaging to those governments, as well?
Iran does arrest journalist and vacationers and accuses them of & tries them for espionage. As do other countries.
A practice I disagree with vehemently. However, the point I was making was on the issue of demanding the extradition of a journalist who is neither a citizen of the country in question nor committed any crime on its soil.
If Assange operated on US soil it could be similar to catching a Russian or Chinese handler operating on US soil. A Russian or Chinese national attempting to leave the country with a hard drive filled with classified material can be arrested as a spy.
But he didn't, so the point it moot.
Assange, like Al Qaeda members in Gitmo, is in a weird in-between that was not really dealt with historically in the modern world.
Well, first of all, not every detainee in Guantanamo is necessarily a member of Al Qaeda. Our policies regarding them has amounted to nothing more than playing games with the terminology of international law. We never declared war on Afghanistan, so don't have to observe the same procedures in regards to detainees from there (we passed an "authorization for the use of military force" which is not the same thing).
Assange is a non-state actor (like Al Qaeda) doing things that were previously only done by state-actors. There are two rule books in play and they conflict (in both cases).
Assange is a citizen of Australia. At best you could call Wikileaks the non-state actor because that term refers to entities, not specific persons. He is not "like Al Qaeda" because he hasn't conspired to commit mass murder through acts of violent terrorism.
In Assange's case, he is both a journalist and a "spymaster." His organizations stated goal is the release of classified material, not whistle-blowing. His organization's goal was not to provide an avenue for secrets that needs to be shared and the dots connected (journalism), but to provide the data wholesale. However, he provided the data via avenues normally considered journalistic.
He is not a "spymaster" because he doesn't issue orders to collect any specific data, the organization doesn't "release" the material, they publish it, a distinction that might seem trivial, but is relevant. The material they publish is not restricted to "classified material." The StratFor emails, for example, might be deemed privileged or proprietary, but they are not classified.
A New York Times reporter providing snippets of a secret conversation or document is unlikely to be considered a spy.
Again it is a weird middle area which Wikileaks occupied.
The New York Times acquires information and publishes it if they think it will generate readership and sell more papers.
Wikileaks acquires information and publishes it because they believe in transparency and accountability.
The only difference I see is one has a direct monetary incentive. I guess in our current society that confuses people. Am I the only one that thinks it is backwards that monetary incentive "makes sense" but idealism should be approached with suspicion and fear?
To me, when you strip away the monetary incentive to "sell" news (which has gotten to the point that if it doesn't sell, it must not be news) then you're left with only the journalistic, 4th Estate motive of accountability. Now, I'll acknowledge that Assange seems to have gotten a bit of a big head about himself, he seems to have this image of himself as something of an international playboy. This is part of why the majority of the Wikileaks team has since gone off and started a new project without him. However, it isn't impossible to be both principled in one area and a douche-bag in your personal life :9.
[spoiler]
Al Qaeda members captured in Afghanistan in 2002/2003 are another weird limbo of potentially being enemy combatants, but also members of what is considered a criminal organization. Capturing them and treating them as enemy combatants made sense from an in-the-field military point of view. However, this creates a problem with the Geneva Convention. Under international law, they might be considered legal irregular forces and they have not committed an actual crime other than association with Al Qaeda. If they are treated as legal irregular forces, then they can be held until the cessation of hostilities with the enemy.
This creates the weird limbo state. If it was a nation state, say German in 1945 or Americans in 1973, the rules are quiet clear.
Actually, again to be precise and technical, they are not considered enemy combatants or international law would require an entirely different procedure for holding them and is applicable to those enemies captured during a war, which we never declared. They are regarded as
unlawful combatants, partly because that particular designation gives the authority holding them wide discretion. Since much of the detainee's own testimony about the nature of their initial capture and subsequent treatment is deemed "presumptively classified" we don't know what extent of involvement any of these people had with Al Qaeda. Not to mention, anything admitted to under torture is irrelevant, I'd admit that my sister is a Martian if the pain or fear induced was sufficient...and I don't have a sister. If some random villager happened to sell crops to someone who was part of that force, are they "associated" with them?
That is the same can of worms that gets people worried about the NDAA and the use of terms like "material support", "associated forces", "hostilities" and "belligerent act." After having seen dozens of examples of someone being "belligerent" during a politician's campaign stop result in them being dragged away by police and arrested, the implications get worrisome.
[/spoiler]
Finally, speaking of journalism, you'll notice that a number of times I made some seemingly minor and possibly annoyingly technical corrections to the terms used?
Yeah, now go around and look at how many "journalists" don't do that any more. There used to be this thing called integrity that they had, there's even publications updated yearly (the "AP Style Book" and others) that spell out what terms you're supposed to use and when. Hardly anyone does that now, its more important to shove alarming and hyperbolic terms (along with just plain laziness) into every story because hey...we've got profits to make this quarter, screw informing the public of the facts and letting them make rational decisions.